Automating offboarding (2026): the Belgian deadlines, documents and access in one place

In one sentence: automating offboarding means that a single end date in your HR system sets the entire departure in motion: the Dimona OUT by the next working day at the latest, the C4 on the last working day, the mailbox blocked on the day of departure, and the tasks with the right person before that day arrives.

What is automating offboarding?

Offboarding is the whole of administrative, legal and practical steps between the moment a departure becomes known and the moment a file is legally closed and safely archived. Automating offboarding means those steps carry themselves out from a single trigger, the contract's end date, with human approval wherever the law or policy requires it.

The difference with a digital checklist lies in who does the work. A checklist shows you what needs to happen and tracks what you've already ticked off. An agentic platform assigns the tasks to the right person, with the right deadline, and carries out the steps it can handle itself.

That distinction is called augmentation vs. execution: with augmentation the human remains the executor and the system helps; with execution the system executes and the human supervises.

Key takeaway: automating offboarding revolves around one end date that sets a chain of deadlines, documents and access changes in motion.

What does Belgian law require on an employee's departure?

This is what makes offboarding in Belgium different from most international HR literature: it comes with hard deadlines, and several of them carry a penalty. The full chain, in the order in which it falls due:

Three things that often surprise people:

The C4 is always mandatory. Securex states it without exception: "The employer is obliged to hand over an unemployment certificate (C4) to the employee, regardless of the reason for the termination of the contract." Also applies to a resignation by the employee, a mutual agreement, and the end of a fixed-term contract.

Fines became stricter in 2026. The multiplier decimes in the Social Criminal Code rose on 1 February 2026 from ×8 to ×10, and new rules have applied since 1 September 2026 (Act of 16 March 2026). A missing or late Dimona is a sanction level 4 infringement (art. 181 Social Criminal Code): a criminal or an administrative fine, each multiplied by the number of employees involved. You can find the current amounts at the FPS Employment.

Notice periods changed twice in 2026. For open-ended contracts starting from 1 June 2026, the notice period on dismissal by the employer is capped at 52 weeks, reached at 17 years of seniority (Partena Professional). For contracts starting from 1 August 2026, the notice period is one week as long as seniority is under six months, regardless of who gives notice (Claeys & Engels). Existing contracts follow the old progression. Your calculation therefore now also depends on the contract's start date.

And then there's a layer with no deadline but a fine attached: the mailbox. In 2020 the Belgian Data Protection Authority fined a small company €15,000 because the mailboxes of an employee dismissed in November 2016 weren't deactivated until 2019, with no autoreply. The Litigation Chamber explicitly stated that this obligation doesn't depend on a request from the former employee (DPA, decision 64/2020). Automatically forwarding to a colleague is also forbidden.

Key takeaway: the first three obligations on a Belgian departure fall due within one working day of the last working day. Anyone tracking them manually is structurally working against the clock.

What actually goes wrong in practice?

The pattern in the research is remarkably consistent: the problem rarely lies in intent and almost always in the handoff between HR, IT and payroll.

A peer-reviewed interview study by Fraunhofer FKIE and the University of Bonn, with 15 IT managers who handle offboarding themselves, names communication as the biggest stumbling block. The quote the authors highlight: "they forget to report that the person is leaving" (SOUPS 2025). Eleven of the fifteen organisations use an offboarding checklist, and the respondents themselves are sceptical about it, precisely because ticking boxes isn't enforceable. Eight of them only revised the process after audit pressure.

The consequences, in numbers:

• 34% of knowledge workers have accessed an account, file or app from a former employer after leaving. 30% of the apps in an organisation fall outside SSO and 52% of employees installed apps without IT's approval (1Password, 5,200 knowledge workers, October 2025).
• 91% of leavers retained access to company files after offboarding and 32% still had access to company email (Beyond Identity, 1,216 respondents, 2023).
• Only 55% of HR managers managed to fully lock a former employee out of all systems, and 86% saw at least one employee skip the exit interview (Capterra, 287 HR professionals, 2022).
• IT spends an average of 5 hours per departing employee tracking down and revoking cloud and SaaS access, and 69% has to search three or more different sources to do it (Nudge Security, 375 IT professionals, 2023).
• The annualised cost of insider risk in Europe stands at $18.6 million per organisation. A single incident caused by a negligent employee costs an average of $747,107 and takes an average of 67 days to contain (Ponemon Institute, 354 organisations, May 2026).

Run the numbers for a Belgian company of 200 employees. Under normal turnover that's several departures a month, each with a C4 on the last working day, a Dimona OUT the day after, a mailbox that must be closed, an average of five hours of IT work, and a final settlement. At that frequency, offboarding is a recurring process with fixed deadlines, month after month.

Key takeaway: offboarding rarely fails on willingness and almost always on the handoff. Treating the five separate notifications for a departure as one event removes most of the risk.

What can you actually automate in offboarding?

Being honest about the boundary matters more here than a long feature list. Three categories:

Fully executable from a single end date

• Assigning tasks to HR, the team lead and the colleague taking over, with deadlines relative to the last working day ("2 days before the end date")
• Stopping leave accrual and preparing the remaining balance for the settlement
• Reclaiming equipment and vehicles and logging the return
• Sending the end date and reason for termination through to your social secretariat
• Sending an exit survey and having the responses summarised
• Archiving the file. You monitor the statutory retention periods yourself: 5 years for the staff register and individual account, 10 years for tax documents and workplace accident reports (Claeys & Engels)

As a task on your checklist, with a human deciding

• Determining the notice period, with the new rules based on the contract's start date as a point of attention. Peepel does not calculate the period itself.
• Checking whether outplacement is mandatory: with a notice period or severance payment of 30 weeks or more, the employee falls under the general scheme (60 hours of guidance, valued at 1/12 of gross annual salary with a minimum of €1,800 and a maximum of €5,500). Anyone 45 or older with at least one year of seniority who falls under 30 weeks is covered by the specific scheme under collective agreement no. 82 (Securex)
• Job-search leave: one working day a week during the last 26 weeks of the notice period, half a day a week before that
• Checking that the C4 is ready and correct before the last working day

Stays with your social secretariat

Salary calculations, departure holiday pay and the tax form belong in your social secretariat's payroll engine. For the Dimona OUT, it depends on your secretariat. With Attentia, Besox and Daenens, Peepel sends the Dimona OUT itself and follows up on the NSSO's response. With Securex, Securex files the Dimona; with the other secretariats it goes through your secretariat. An HR platform supplies the input (end date, reason, attendance, balance) and retrieves the output. A platform claiming to run the final settlement itself is selling you a risk.

Key takeaway: the automatable part of offboarding is the coordination: who does what, when, and which system should know it. Payroll stays with the social secretariat.

Organising vs. executing: the 4 levels of HR software

HR software has been stuck at organising work. Agentic HR executes it. For offboarding, that ladder looks like this:

The jump from 3 to 4 is exactly where offboarding fails today. A routed task nobody ticks off is a mailbox that stays open. More on this in digitising HR processes and the evolution of HR software.

How Peepel approaches it

In Peepel, an employee's departure is one event with a name: employee offboarded. What follows from that:

• You end the employment with an end date and a reason for termination (dismissal, termination by mutual agreement, end of contract). That's the only action a human needs to take.
• A routine on that event starts the offboarding checklist, launches a survey or runs an AI agent.
• The checklist distributes the tasks across HR, the team lead and the colleague taking over, with deadlines relative to the end date. You can generate one in natural language, with the fields built automatically.
• Vehicles are automatically returned on the end date of the contract.
• With a connected secretariat, the end date goes along in the data sent to your social secretariat, together with the contract type.
• You archive the person once the file is complete: out of active views and integrations, with the data retained for reporting and the statutory retention periods, and recoverable for as long as that's allowed.

And the boundary, explicitly: salary calculations and tax calculations stay with your social secretariat. Peepel sends the Dimona OUT itself with Attentia, Besox and Daenens. With the other secretariats, it stays with your secretariat. Peepel carries out the coordination and delivers the input, the payroll engine stays where it belongs. See also how Peepel works.

Peepel is ISO 27001 certified, GDPR compliant and hosted in the EU (AWS Frankfurt). Certificates and pentest reports are available at trust.peepel.io.

What level is your offboarding at?

Four questions. Your first "yes" is your level.

1. Does a departure at your company mainly live in email, Excel and a shared folder? Level 1
2. Is the end date neatly stored in a single system, while you carry out every following step yourself? Level 2
3. Do tasks get automatically routed to the right people, but does someone still have to tick them all off? Level 3
4. Does a single end date set the entire chain in motion, and do you only step in to approve? Level 4

Further reading: Automating onboarding · HR automation: the complete guide · What is agentic HR? · What is a Dimona filing? · Leave management software compared